Training Data vs. Real-Time Retrieval: The Two Ways LLMs Know Your Brand
Ask ChatGPT about your brand twice — once with browsing enabled, once without — and you often get two different answers. That is not a bug. It is the visible surface of a deeper structure: language models hold brand knowledge in two distinct places, training data and real-time retrieval, with very different properties. Treating them as the same thing is how marketing teams end up applying the wrong fix to the wrong gap. This post walks through both paths and the tactical implications of each.